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TOSCANA
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| Provinces
- This region has 10 provinces: Arezzo, Firenze, Grosseto, Livorno,
Lucca, Massa Carrara, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato, Siena Chief town - Firenze Surface - kmq 22993 National Parks - National Park of Arcipelago Toscano (1989) National Park of Monte Falterona, Campigna and of Foreste Casentinesi (1990) |
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Reliefs - Passes - Coasts -
Islands:
Only with some top, Appennino Tosco-Emiliano
overcomes the 2000 meters (Mountain Cimone, Mountain Cusna). In the part more to
north of Arno, Appennino contains a mountainous zone formed by more tall
mountains: Alps Apuane and the chain of Pratomagno. Between Appennino and the
coast we find Antiappennino with isolated mountains and more low; we remember
the Hills of Chianti, Hills Metallifere, Argentario and Massiccio of Amiata
Mountain, where an ancient out volcano is found. The passes are important
because they favor the communications between Lowland Padana, Central Italy and
the slope tirrenico. The most important is: the Footstep of Cisa, that connects
Massa Carrara to Spezia, the Footstep of Abetone between Pistoia and Modena, the
Footstep of Futa and Raticosa that connect Florence to Bologna and the Footstep
of Mandrioli that connects Oriental Tuscany to Romagna. The coasts are low,
uniforms and sandy in the northern zone and from the Promontory of Piombino to
Lazio; while between Livorno and Promontory of Piombino are tall and rocky. To
the breadth of the Tuscan coasts there are some islands that compose Tuscan
archipelago. The most important is: Gorgona, Capraia, Island in Elba, Pianosa,
Montecristo, island of Lily and the island of Giannuti. Not the very wide
lowlands are fertile, and intensely populated. The principal is: Valdarno
Superiore, Valdarno Inferiore, Versilia, Alps Apuane and Maremma.
| Landscape: | |
| The landscape in Tuscany is in a large extent hilly and mountainous; the few level areas have limited to the coastal zones and the fund of the valleys. Manifold are the aspects that offer a harmonious landscape composed from mountains, hills and lowlands. The dense mountains of vegetation have covered of oaks, chestnut trees, beech trees and firs. In the hilly tops we find the ulivis, the cypresses or big cultivated expanses to vineyards, where are built in way isolated houses farmer's or small suburbs. The cities rich in history are placed in the level areas of the fund valley and they still maintain preserved numerous monuments and artistic treasures. Zones of wild beach are still alternated with modern bathing zones. The ground and the climate favor agriculture. The subsoil is enough rich of mineral. |
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Agriculture -
Stock-farm - Fishing:
The agriculture ago half century was the source of
primary wealth. Today we realize that industrial activities have overpowered the
agricultural job; it is not difficult to find uncultivated countries and
abandoned houses. The grapevine and the ulivo are the principal crops. From the
first one the famous wines of the zone of Chianti are drawn. Other crops of
small importance are cereals, fruit and vegetables. In constant development we
find the crops of sugar beets and tobacco. The breeding concerns the cattle and
the swines, where the production of meat is considerable. The fishing is not
very developed. Viareggio and Cecina are the greatest fishing harbors, even if
in the last years Livorno has assumed a certain importance with the port of
fishing-boats of fishing of tall sea.
| Industry - Tourism: | |
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The big industries are not very develop. Those present are all formed by the small and averages firms. The more developed it is that mining and iron in the zones of Piombino and Livorno. Another characteristic production is that of the electric energy drawn by the blowpipes boraciferi of the zone of Larderello. Other sectors of detach are, that mechanic (steel pipes, pads to spheres, railway cars, textile cars and motorcycles), that chemical (sour solforico and boric, dyes, fertilizers and pharmaceutical), that of the glass, that calzaturiero and that of clothes, that textile and that of the tanning of the skin even if it pollutes the courses of water a lot. Of relief are the caves of marble and alabaster. The tourism is the principal industry in Tuscany, thanks to the zones of Italian interest not only, but above all international. |
The destinations more aspired are three: the first one for the famous cities of historical-cultural interest as Florence, Siena, Pisa, Arezzo; the second that of the bathing zones with Viareggio, Marina of Mass, Beaches of Camaiore, Forte of Marbles and the island in Elba; third are that of the thermal zones with Montecatini, Chianciano and Baths of Lucca.
Position and Frontier:
To west we find the coastal tirrenico, while from
the oriental part Appennino Tosco-Emiliano divides the Region from Emilia
Romagna and from Liguria. From the border with Umbria and Marche follows a
sinuous line along the mountains that are issued in Appennino. To south a hilly
zone divides it from Lazio. The before islands the coast, belongs to the Region.
To north Tuscany confines with Emilia Romagna and a brief line of Marche, to
east with Marche and Umbria, to south with Lazio, to west with Ligure Sea and
Tyrrhenian and a brief line of Liguria.
Rivers - Lakes:
The irregular reliefs make the course of the rivers,
that go down, long and tortuous. Arno that is born from Falterona Mountain is
the most important. For length it is the eighth Italian river and its basin
occupies a third of the Region. Arno receives numerous tributaries: Sieve and
the right Bisenzio, Chiana, Pesa, Elsa and Era. The torrential
characteristics of these rivers, let at times overflow Arno provoking floods. We
remember that disastrous of 1966 that flooded Florence. Other important
rivers are Serchia, Cecina, Ombrione and Magra that flow in Tyrrhenian. Tevere
and Fiora cross for a brief line Tuscan territory entering in Lazio then.
Il clima č generalmente mite, soprattutto nella
fascia costiera. Il litorale č spesso battuto dallo Scirocco, un vento caldo
umido proveniente dall’Africa, che provoca frequenti precipitazioni. Le catene
appenniniche riparano la Regione dai venti freddi che soffiano da nord est.
Climate:
The climate is mild generally, especially in the
coastal band. The shore has often beaten from Scirocco, a deriving damp warm
wind from Africa, that provokes frequent precipitations. The chains of Appennini
mend the Region from the twenty colds that blow from north east.
Population:
The population has assembled in the inclusive zone
mostly between Florence, Livorno, Pisa, Lucca and Pistoia, where we find a third
of the regional general population. Densely other inhabited zones are those of
Arezzo, Massa and Siena. The rest of the Tuscan territory has populated poorly.
In Tuscany more than in other regions, we notice the abandonment of the
mountains and the hills, because many farmers prefer the job in the city rather
than to work earth. In Tuscany we find numerous immigrated among which also many
agriculturists of the Midday, that take possession of abandoned powers.
Communication:
A sharp pain net either railway that road and
motorway, colleague Tuscany in all its places to the rest of Italy. The greatest
railway lines are those of Turin-Genoa-Pisa-Rome and
Milan-Bologna-Florence-Rome. In the oriental part of the region passes the
highway of the Sun, while Siena and Florence have been connecting from a
speedway. The Tuscan principal airport is situated in Pisa and precisely in the
place of St. Giustot.
